Epidemiology of periodontal disease linkedin slideshare. Periodontal disease pd is one of the most ubiquitous diseases of mankind, considered to be the second most common dental disease worldwide, after dental decay. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases request pdf. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of. Jan 18, 2018 periodontitis, or gum disease, is a common infection that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the tooth. Fundamentals of immunology and periodontal disease revisited.
It can result in tooth loss, the need for dentures, and an array of additional health issues. Epidemiology the epidemology of periodontal disease is one of the most important challengesthere are 3 main type of chronic destructive periodontal disease. This new information introduced new concepts such as susceptibility and predisposition to periodontal disease. Gum periodontal disease causes, symptoms, diagnosis. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or.
Etiology of periodontal disease the clinical manifestations of periodontal disease result form a complex interplay between bacteria found in dental plaque and the host tissues. Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament, which could lead to tooth. Periodontal disease associated with hiv infection james r. Periodontal disease associated with hiv infection sciencedirect. Periodontal disease begins when some factors that promote the growth of selected symbiotic bacteria, induce host inflammatory pathways 40, 41. Most irish adults suffer from some form of periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease, like caries, is complex and multifactorial, but shares more of a direct link with overall health, so that risk factors such as smoking and diabetes can significantly contribute to its etiology. Unlike many infectious diseases, periodontal diseases appear to be infections mediated by the. The human oral cavity harbors a substantial and continuously evolving load of microbial species. Ppt periodontal immunology powerpoint presentation free. The periodontal disease index is a clinicians modification of russells pi in dex for epidemiological surveys of perio dontal disease. Aggressive periodontitis describes a type of periodontal disease and includes two of the seven classifications of periodontitis as defined by the 1999 classification system localized aggressive periodontitis lap generalized aggressive periodontitis gap lap is localised to first molar or incisor interproximal attachment loss, whereas gap is the interproximal attachment loss affecting at. Periodontitis, or gum disease, is a common infection that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the tooth.
Periodontal diseases are a series of complex, distinct, pathologic entities. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may bleed. When gums are healthy, they continue to fit snugly around the teeth. Etiology of periodontal disease primary etiology initiating factors secondary etiology predisposing factors microbial effect host response. Periodontal treatment protocol ptp for the general.
Wall street business magnate stephen chu, winner of the strathmores whos who registry honoring the most successful business tycoons in. Other studies showed that women with gum disease were more likely than those with healthy gums to deliver preterm, low birth weight babies. Periodontal treatment protocol ptp for the general dental. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease semantic scholar. The pdi index is primarily concerned with an accurate assessment of the periodontal status of the individual per son. When patients are first diagnosed with it, they often ask dr. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease ppt. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in sri lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. Genetics and oral health american dental association. Aggressive periodontitis describes a type of periodontal disease and includes two of the seven classifications of periodontitis.
Bacterial infections and the causative bacteria are found in the plaque. Epi upon demos people ology science epidemiology the science which deals with what falls upon people 2. Etiology of periodontal diseases linkedin slideshare. Terms in this set 48 what is the current accepted theory of periodontal disease. Necrotizing periodontal npd include necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis contest and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis nup. It must be found in high numbers in proximity to the periodontal lesion. Without treatment, the alveolar bone around the teeth is slowly and progressively lost. In periodontal disease, interferon gamma is present at high levels in periodontal lesions, and is associated with progressive lesions or severe forms of periodontitis 46, 61, 88. Particular aspects of periodontal disease pathogenesis. A tooths root is anchored to the bone within its socket by fibers called periodontal ligaments. The disease progression model points to a periodic or episodic phenomenon, with periods of quiescence, when neither periodontal destruction occurs nor periods of exacerbation and destruction of the periodontal structures. A susceptible host, the presence of pathogenic species, and the absence of socalled beneficial bacteria. Inflammatory disease is the commonest form,usually called peridontitis or marginal periodontitis.
Position paper epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Association between periodontal diseases and systemic. The genetic basis for variability in virulence properties among pathogenic strains leads to cause periodontal disease. The roles of viruses in periodontal diseases azodo c c. This disease often starts with plaque, a sticky substance composed mainly of bacteria. Periodontal disease is recognized as a major public health problem throughout the world and is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. It must be absent, or present in much smaller numbers in periodontally healthy subjects or in subjects with other forms of periodontal disease. Nov 19, 2014 etiology of periodontal disease primary etiology initiating factors secondary etiology predisposing factors microbial effect host response local predisposing factor systemic predisposing factors 111111991144 oossssaammaa eellsshhaallll 1144 15. The periodontal disease is conformed by a group of illnesses affecting the. Periodontal damage is almost certainly the direct consequence of colonization in the gingival sulcus by organisms within dental plaque. Gingivitis has been classified by clinical appearance eg, ulcerative, hemorrhagic, necrotizing, purulent, etiology eg, druginduced, hormonal, nutritional, infectious, plaqueinduced, and.
The different stages of periodontal disease pasadena. Recent studies have also shown that it is not just the number of bacteria, but the specific bacterial types, that are implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Feb 07, 2019 periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or fall out. View and download powerpoint presentations on diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease ppt. The ecological interactions between the host and microbes determine the severity of the disease.
Introduction a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease that results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. Epidemology, etiology and prevention of periodontal disease 1. Detrimental effects of smoking on periodontium in health. It is important to understand the etiological factors and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease to recognize and appreciate the associated risk. The roles of viruses in periodontal diseases were categorized into the role in disease etiology, role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, role in diseases progression and role in response to treatment. The primary clinical endpoints of the study are severity and types of oral disease.
Lap is localised to first molar or incisor interproximal attachment loss, whereas gap is the interproximal attachment loss affecting at least three permanent teeth other than incisors and first molar. Role of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the consequence of a shift in oral microbiota population from a symbiotic to a dysbiotic microbial community in the mouth. In advanced stages, periodontal disease can lead to sore, bleeding gums. These are characterized histologically by acute inflammation, witb a significant increase in the number of neutrophils. In people with diabetes there is an increased incidence of periodontal disease. The understanding of the etiology and patho genesis. Periodontal disease affects 50% of all americans age 30 and older.
Periodontal disease affects many americans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss. Ppt periodontal immunology powerpoint presentation. Role of systemic disease in etiology of periodontal disease it is a well established fact that the primary etiological. Gingivitis is an inflammatory process limited to the mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth and the alveolar processes.
Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the periodontium and that bacteria are the primary etiology agents in periodontal disease. Oral bacteria and immune system problems involved in gum. The biology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal. Mar 27, 20 etiology of periodontal disease the clinical manifestations of periodontal disease result form a complex interplay between bacteria found in dental plaque and the host tissues.
Periodontal disease is a pathologic process that affects the periodontium the vast majority of inflammatory diseases of the periodontium results from bacterial infection the dominating causative agents of periodontal disease are microorganisms that colonize the tooth surface bacterial plaque and products no systemic disorder is known to be. Interleukin4 is another important adaptiveimmunity cytokine that induces proliferation of tcells and regulates bcell immunoglobulin secretion. Periodontal or gum disease is a pathological inflammatory condition of the gum and bone support periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontal disease microbiota includes a large number of microorganisms including p. Etiology of periodontal disease primary etiology initiating factors secondary etiology predisposing factors microbial effect host response local predisposing factor systemic predisposing factors 111111991144 oossssaammaa eellsshhaallll 1144 15. Periodontal disease is a complex, multifactorial disease that occurs in periodontal tissue 8, and most studies on the causes of periodontal diseases have mainly focused on the dominant bacteria. Etiology of periodontal disease linkedin slideshare.
Because of its potential severity, it is important that it is treated seriously, despite how common the disease is reported to be. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Dec 01, 20 the bacterial etiology of periodontal disease has been established for over a hundred years. Periodontal diseases are characterized by localized infections and inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Many adults, however, develop some type of periodontal, or gum, diseasean infection of the tissues that support their teeth. Its typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaquea sticky film of bacteriato build up on the teeth and harden. Periodontitis not only severely deteriorates peoples. Characterization of the oral microbiome in patients with monogenic immune. Jan 18, 2018 gingivitis is an inflammatory process limited to the mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth and the alveolar processes. Plaque is the principal etiological factor in most all forms of periodontal disease. In this, destruction of alveolar bone by the formation of subgingival pockets. Today there is enough evidence to establish whether necrotizing ulcerative necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitistwo unique diseases or different stages of the same disease that progresses from the results of the contest on the stump.
Periodontal disease is a common dental disorder that most people are unaware that they have. In the oral cavity, herpesviruses are involved in acute gingival infections, destructive periodontal disease, apical periodontitis, ulcerations of mucosa, odontogenic cyst, giant cell granuloma, autoimmune disease and various types of neoplasm 33. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. New knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
But so far, it has not been determined whether gum disease is the cause of these conditions. It will assess current knowledge on prevalence, incidence, severity, risk factors, and predicting disease risk. This chronic condition is characterized by a complex group of inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium, or the tissues that surround and support the teeth. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease those results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. The bacterial etiology of periodontal disease has been established for over a hundred years. The main etiologic factor of periodontal disease is bacteria which substantially harbor the human oral cavity. Teeth are supported by the gums, or gingiva and bone. Aug 14, 2011 etiology of periodontal disease plaque is the principal etiological factor in most all forms of periodontal disease. Etiological factors in periodontal disease are classified into two broad categories, depending on their specific origin.
Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease ppt xpowerpoint. Fortunately, nucleic acid screening and 16s pyrosequencing techniques have made more efficient finding changes in microbiota of healthy and of periodontal disease patients 52. Etiology of periodontal diseases my dental hygiene education. It is well understood that obesity is on the rise in the united states, and that younger and younger members of our community are becoming obese due to poor nutrition and eating habits. Periodontal gum disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place.
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